XXIII. Chondrocytes and Mechanical Forces
Abstract
Introduction
1. Chondrocytes and in situ mechanical forces
1.1. Mechanical forces within articular cartilage
1.2. Effects of mechanical forces on chondrocytes in situ
2. Chondrocyte regulation of matrix metabolism by mechanical stimulation
2.1. Priming matrix deposition by short-term mechanical stimulation
2.2. Improving matrix deposition by long-term mechanical stimulation
3. Chondrocyte differentiation under mechanical stimulation
3.1. Re-differentiation of expanded chondrocytes by mechanical stimulation
3.2. Chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells by mechanical stimulation
4. Mechanotransduction in chondrocytes
4.1. Mechanosensitive ion channels
4.2. Integrins as cell surface mechanoreceptor
4.3. Cytoskeleton and primary cilium as mechanosensor
4.4. Intracellular signaling cascades and gene regulation
4.5. Autocrine and paracrine signaling
References