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Based on IATA's four-pillar strategy (technology, operations, infrastructure and economic measures) a set of high-level industry goals was submitted to ICAO in 2009: average fuel efficiency improvement of 1.5% p.a. till 2020; carbon-neutral growth from 2020, net CO2 emissions reduction by 50% in 2050 relative to 2005. Aircraft fuel efficiency measures include technologies, mainly for engines, aerodynamics and lightweight materials, which are estimated to save around 25 to 35% between 2005 and 2020. Operational and infrastructural improvements are expected to save around 10%. High potential is seen from aviation biofuels, which have been flight-tested and certified for commercial use. Sustainability standards exist that are applicable to them. However, their production costs are still high and investments into aviation biofuel production need to be encouraged by a suitable political framework.
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