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Overburden soils from open pit mines of the company RWE Power AG are excavated with bucket wheels and transported with band conveyors to dump heaps. The deposition of the waste soils takes place within so-called regular sections. In order to perform stability computations one needs a geotechnical characterization of the involved soils, and in particular representative values of shear strength. Undrained shear strengths from laboratory and field testing are subjected to enormous scatter which makes the definition of the representative values difficult. Therefore, a concept for a reliable determination of the undrained shear strength of waste soils in mine heaps has been introduced. It is based on a hypoplastic constitutive model for fine-grained soils which takes into account the influence of soil state (in this case represented by consistency) on the undrained shear strength. The accompanying experimental investigations include extensive laboratory testing as well as large-scale field tests suitable for a statistical evaluation. The results of numerical calculations yield an experimentally justified statistical distribution of undrained shear strengths immediately after the soil deposition. A subsequent FE analysis of the consolidation behaviour provides the time-dependent values.
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