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This paper addresses the needs for non-intrusively measuring 3-D internal soil deformation for various geotechnical engineering problems. In this study transparent soils are used to model a soil profile of sand overlying soft clay. Transparent soils are made of either transparent amorphous silica gels or powders with a pore fluid having the same refractive index. Conventional geotechnical tests showed that transparent soil exhibited macro-geotechnical properties similar to those of natural soils. A comparison study also showed that transparent soils can be used to simulate natural soil in model tests. An optical system consisting of a laser light, a CCD camera, a frame grabber, and a computer was developed to optically slice the transparent soil model. A distinctive laser speckle pattern is generated by the interaction between laser light and transparent soil. Speckle photography was used to calculate the 2-D displacement field by cross-correlating two consecutive images captured during footing settlement. A 3-D displacement field under a model footing was obtained in Matlab® by combining multiple slices of 2-D displacement fields. Test results showed that the developed optical system and transparent soil are suitable for studying 3-D soil-structural interaction problems
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