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Spinal cord injured individuals are prone to inactivity and related health problems. Physical activity plays an important role in health related risk management. Exercise training in healthy individuals and in those with cardiovascular disease or risk factors improves cardiovascular function, thereby lowering the cardiovascular risk. However, current knowledge about the underlying mechanisms is limited, especially regarding the role of genes. Last decade, research possibilities in the field of physiological genomics have expanded intensively, and translational research has become highly appreciated. This presentation summarizes the current knowledge on genes that potentially play a role in vascular adaptation to exercise in healthy and spinal cord injured individuals. Specifically, I will focus on animal and human in vivo measures of exercise, inactivity and vascular function, combined with gene expression of the nitric oxide pathway, growth factors and their receptors, antioxidative enzymes and several alternative vasoactive factors. Accordingly, I aim to link activity and inactivity with gene expression to gain better insight into the mechanisms of exercise-induced adaptations. While the limited available translational research suggests a relationship between expression of certain (groups of) genes and functional adaptations of the cardiovascular and muscular system, a large gap remain to be closed between fundamental and applied functional research.
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