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Purpose: To apply the power balance model to elite handcycling, to obtain realistic values for power output and power losses on a range of regular velocities on a treadmill and on a track in association to the physiological responses under these conditions. Methods: Four elite Dutch handcyclists rode at three intensities (~70, 85 and 100% of estimated peak race-power output) in a standardized instrumented handcycle, both on a treadmill and on an indoor cycling track (250m). Biomechanical and physiological data were obtained. Results: VO2 on the treadmill ranged from 1661 to 2825 mL·min-1 at 98 and 167 W respectively. VO2 on the track ranged from 1356 to 2555 mL·min-1 at 102 and 168 W respectively. The empirically derived relationship between velocity and power output on the track was: PO=0.20v3+2.90v (R2=0.95). Mean gross mechanical efficiency during submaximal performance was 16.0 ± 2.1 on the treadmill and 18.8 ± 2.6 on the track (p=0.12). Conclusion: Handcycling is a relatively efficient mode of propulsion with associated high metabolic demand at race velocities. The power balance model enabled simulation of realistic power conditions on a treadmill. In addition, it gained insight into the magnitude of power dissipation during elite handcycling.
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