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The purpose of this study was to establish the contribution (e.g. driving or stabilizing) of net shoulder joint moment to shoulder movement during manual wheelchair (MW) propulsion. Two male able-bodied propelled in a wireless wheelchair ergometer. Kinetics and kinematics of propulsion were recorded simultaneously bilaterally. An inverse dynamic method was used to compute net joint moment and angular velocity at shoulder level. The 3D angle between net shoulder joint moment and angular velocity was computed over the propulsive cycle to determine if net moment mainly drove (angle close to 0 or 180 degrees) or stabilized (angle close to 90 degrees) the shoulder joint. During the push phase, shoulder joint moments mainly propelled the joints but with an important combined stabilization action. Assuming that joint moments are mainly the result of muscle action, net shoulder joint moments for both subjects were mainly due to the dynamic stabilizers of the shoulder, the rotator cuff muscles. High and repetitive demand on the rotator cuff muscles could accelerate the onset of fatigue and increase risk of overuse injuries.
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